Q: I need to file for Bankruptcy as soon as possible as collectors from various credit cards are really harassing me. I lost my job and I simply cannot pay the credit card bills. I barely have enough money to pay my rent and my food and I cannot pay for anything absolutely essential at this time. What do I need to do?
A: You have to complete credit counseling before you file for bankruptcy. A certificate of completion will need to be filed with the bankruptcy. After you file bankruptcy, but before you get discharged by the Bankruptcy Court, you will need to go through a debtor’s credit handling education course. These are required by new Bankruptcy laws, set up in 2005. To be honest, I consider the pre-bankruptcy requirement totally useless, apparently designed to make the debtor spend more money to get credit counseling that comes much too late. However, the credit handling education course required post bankruptcy filing may turn out to be helpful in many cases. The counseling and the educational course may be obtained from online services that can also provide the counseling and educational requirement via telephone. It is inexpensive (approximately $30 to $40, depending whether for a single person or a couple). After going through the credit counseling, you will need to fill out a bankruptcy questionnaire. I would not advise you to do this alone. An attorney can help you through the process and better prepare you to appear for your 341 hearing, also known as a “debtor’s examination”. This hearing takes place approximately 4 weeks after you file your papers with the Bankruptcy Court. The examiner conducting the hearing is called a Bankruptcy Trustee. He/she is a person hired by the Bankruptcy Court to establish whether your “estate” can pay your debts. Your estate (the sum of your assets) is entitled to exemptions, items of your estate exempt up to a certain amount of money from being sold to pay your creditors. If you have more equity in certain household items than you are entitled to keep as exemption, the Trustee may force you to sell that item, or more likely, to pay the difference between the amount of equity and the exempted amount to your creditors. By the way, I would not advise you to transfer your house, your car or the funds in your bank account to your mother or your sister just before you file for bankruptcy. These are fraudulent transfers and the Trustee will found out. This may simply cause you not to get discharged.
There are other transfers, such as a payment to one creditor for more than $500 that may be reversed by the Trustee. If such a payment has been made within 90 days from the date of the filing of your bankruptcy, it may be viewed as “preferential treatment” of one creditor over another creditor. Again, Bankruptcy laws are complicated and it is not a good idea to go it alone if you have already decided to go that route.
I will be happy to provide a half-hour bankruptcy consultation for the discounted price of $50 (my normal consultation fee is $75 for a half hour). I do not charge that fee if you retain my services to represent you.
Maxine de Villefranche
Showing posts with label bankruptcy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bankruptcy. Show all posts
Friday, April 10, 2009
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
Legal Eaze #97 Discharged Bankruptcy/Spam E-mail
Title: August 29, 2008
Q: A few years ago, I filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. I owed about $700 to Washington Mutual back then, but the debt was discharged. I recently applied for an account online with Washington Mutual because that’s the closest bank to my house. The bank opened a checking account about 4 months ago and issued a debit card. When I attempted to add my son as a signatory on the account, my debit card was cancelled by the bank the following day. I could not view any account details online, while my payroll check is in the account. I found out about this while trying to use my debit card at the grocery store and to buy gas for my car. Can the bank take my money away like this?
A: If your bankruptcy was discharged, no the bank cannot. You may have a lawsuit against the bank for violating the U.S. Bankruptcy Court discharge injunction. Once a debt is discharged in a Bankruptcy Court, no one can ever try to collect on it. Many credit cards will sell debt to collection agencies for a penny on the dollar and collection agencies will attempt to collect on these credit card debts, several years later. But your case is completely different. I would contact Washington Mutual and show them your discharge Notice. They might need you to produce the specific Bankruptcy schedule that lists the debt to Washington Mutual, so as to ensure that particular debt was included in your bankruptcy discharge. I suspect that they will return your money rather quickly after finding out that particular debt was already discharged.
Q: I keep receiving e-mails about my winning some contest I never entered into in the UK, or in Nigeria, or some bank clerk looking for someone in the USA to transfer some huge amount of foreign capital into the United States, a percentage of which would be mine. Why do I keep receiving these e-mails and what are they all about?
A. These e-mails are all fraudulent, and I would delete them without even reading them if I was you. The people perpetrating the fraud are looking for a “fish”. If you respond, they might entrap you to give your bank information to them, so that they can empty your bank account. Typically, they send you a bogus check or promise to transfer some large amount of money into your bank account by a certain date, and then ask that you write a check for their “percentage” back to them. If you have the “percentage” amount in your bank account already, they will cash your check while theirs will bounce, and you will be left holding the bag. Please these are all con games. Do not fall for it!
Maxine de Villefranche has been an attorney for 15 years and is practicing law in Tehachapi and Lancaster. Send your questions via fax at (661)825-8880 or e-mail your questions or comments to http://www.generalaw.com She will answer your questions to the best of her abilities.
Q: A few years ago, I filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. I owed about $700 to Washington Mutual back then, but the debt was discharged. I recently applied for an account online with Washington Mutual because that’s the closest bank to my house. The bank opened a checking account about 4 months ago and issued a debit card. When I attempted to add my son as a signatory on the account, my debit card was cancelled by the bank the following day. I could not view any account details online, while my payroll check is in the account. I found out about this while trying to use my debit card at the grocery store and to buy gas for my car. Can the bank take my money away like this?
A: If your bankruptcy was discharged, no the bank cannot. You may have a lawsuit against the bank for violating the U.S. Bankruptcy Court discharge injunction. Once a debt is discharged in a Bankruptcy Court, no one can ever try to collect on it. Many credit cards will sell debt to collection agencies for a penny on the dollar and collection agencies will attempt to collect on these credit card debts, several years later. But your case is completely different. I would contact Washington Mutual and show them your discharge Notice. They might need you to produce the specific Bankruptcy schedule that lists the debt to Washington Mutual, so as to ensure that particular debt was included in your bankruptcy discharge. I suspect that they will return your money rather quickly after finding out that particular debt was already discharged.
Q: I keep receiving e-mails about my winning some contest I never entered into in the UK, or in Nigeria, or some bank clerk looking for someone in the USA to transfer some huge amount of foreign capital into the United States, a percentage of which would be mine. Why do I keep receiving these e-mails and what are they all about?
A. These e-mails are all fraudulent, and I would delete them without even reading them if I was you. The people perpetrating the fraud are looking for a “fish”. If you respond, they might entrap you to give your bank information to them, so that they can empty your bank account. Typically, they send you a bogus check or promise to transfer some large amount of money into your bank account by a certain date, and then ask that you write a check for their “percentage” back to them. If you have the “percentage” amount in your bank account already, they will cash your check while theirs will bounce, and you will be left holding the bag. Please these are all con games. Do not fall for it!
Maxine de Villefranche has been an attorney for 15 years and is practicing law in Tehachapi and Lancaster. Send your questions via fax at (661)825-8880 or e-mail your questions or comments to http://www.generalaw.com She will answer your questions to the best of her abilities.
Legal Eaze #95 Collecting From Defendant/Single Spouse Bankruptcy/Oral Contracts
Title: August 6, 2008
Q: I sued someone in Small Claims Court and I won. The Defendant appealed and lost the appeal. When can I start collecting from the Defendant?
A: Now seems to be a good time.
Q: Can only one spouse file for Bankruptcy?
A: It is not required that both spouses file for Bankruptcy. Only the filing spouse will be discharged of any debts. You must also realize that the non-filing spouse’s income will be considered in any tests of “income vs. expenses”.
Q. Is a verbal agreement on a $30,000 boat enforceable?
A. The law refers to unwritten agreements as “oral” contracts, not “verbal”. There are several limitations on the enforceability of oral contracts. One of them is the “Statute of Frauds” which is actually a set of statutes. One part of the Statute of Frauds package is found in the Uniform Commercial Code and covers the sale of goods by oral contract. Section 2201 of the Commercial Code states as follows: “Except as otherwise provided in this section, a contract for sale of goods for more than $500 is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless there is some writing sufficient to indicate that a contract for sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by his or her agent or broker. A writing is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon but the contract is not enforceable under this paragraph beyond the quantity of goods shown in the writing”. Other paragraphs to UCC Section 2301 that make modifications and exceptions to the basic principle and there are other applicable laws, such as in the Harbors and Navigation Code. An important exception is that if the other party admits in a Court pleading that the contract exists, he is bound by it as though he signed it. Another problem with oral contracts is that it is difficult to prove the terms of such contract in Court. The defendant may argue that he had a different “boat” in mind, or a different price or payment terms, etc. Generally speaking, I would say that the agreement cannot be enforced unless there is an exception to the Statute of Frauds that covers it, and it is possible that there is such an exception.
Maxine de Villefranche has been an attorney for 15 years and is practicing law in Tehachapi and Lancaster. Send your questions via fax at (661)825-8880 or e-mail at maxinedev@msn.com. She will answer your questions to the best of her abilities.
Q: I sued someone in Small Claims Court and I won. The Defendant appealed and lost the appeal. When can I start collecting from the Defendant?
A: Now seems to be a good time.
Q: Can only one spouse file for Bankruptcy?
A: It is not required that both spouses file for Bankruptcy. Only the filing spouse will be discharged of any debts. You must also realize that the non-filing spouse’s income will be considered in any tests of “income vs. expenses”.
Q. Is a verbal agreement on a $30,000 boat enforceable?
A. The law refers to unwritten agreements as “oral” contracts, not “verbal”. There are several limitations on the enforceability of oral contracts. One of them is the “Statute of Frauds” which is actually a set of statutes. One part of the Statute of Frauds package is found in the Uniform Commercial Code and covers the sale of goods by oral contract. Section 2201 of the Commercial Code states as follows: “Except as otherwise provided in this section, a contract for sale of goods for more than $500 is not enforceable by way of action or defense unless there is some writing sufficient to indicate that a contract for sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by his or her agent or broker. A writing is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon but the contract is not enforceable under this paragraph beyond the quantity of goods shown in the writing”. Other paragraphs to UCC Section 2301 that make modifications and exceptions to the basic principle and there are other applicable laws, such as in the Harbors and Navigation Code. An important exception is that if the other party admits in a Court pleading that the contract exists, he is bound by it as though he signed it. Another problem with oral contracts is that it is difficult to prove the terms of such contract in Court. The defendant may argue that he had a different “boat” in mind, or a different price or payment terms, etc. Generally speaking, I would say that the agreement cannot be enforced unless there is an exception to the Statute of Frauds that covers it, and it is possible that there is such an exception.
Maxine de Villefranche has been an attorney for 15 years and is practicing law in Tehachapi and Lancaster. Send your questions via fax at (661)825-8880 or e-mail at maxinedev@msn.com. She will answer your questions to the best of her abilities.
Legal Eaze #89 Paying For Free Gift/Debt Collection Statute of Limitations/Joint Revocable Living Trust
Title: April 2, 2008
Q. I received a book in the mail that I did not order. The box had printing on it describing the contents as a free gift. There was no bill enclosed, therefore I assumed it was indeed a free gift. I just received a bill for $36.00. Do I have to pay for a “free” book or waste an hour of my time waiting in line at the post office to return a book I did not order?
A. You do not have to pay nor do you have to return the book and pay for postage out of your own pocket to return something you did not order. I hope you kept the box as well as the bill. I would write a letter to the sender stating exactly that: you will not pay for this book because you did not order it, and because you thought it was a gift, nor will you pay for postage to return it.
Q. Is there a statute of limitations on collection of debts?
A. Yes there is. If the debt was incurred as a result of a written contract, the statute of limitations is 4 years. If the debt was made orally, the statute is 2 years. Very often, some collection agencies will buy debt in bulk for a couple of pennies on the dollar owed and will then attempt to collect on the debt. Sometimes, the debt is 10 to 15 years old. The collectors can really harass people, calling them at all times of day and night, calling at work, despite laws that protect from this kind of harassment. Often, the debtors don’t know any better and pay the debt. The statute of limitations will protect the debtors, but the collection agency can place a derogatory note on the debtor’s credit report. If that happens, it falls upon the debtor to respond and ask the credit reporting agency to put a note written by the debtor explaining why that particular debt has not been paid. If the debt is older than 10 years, the credit reporting agency cannot still report it. Even when a debtor files for bankruptcy, the debts unpaid due to a bankruptcy cannot be reported for longer than 10 years.
Q. If older people with families from previous marriages get married, how do they each protect what they want to leave to their own children or grandchildren?
A. By setting up a Joint revocable Living Trust. When one spouse dies, that spouse’s half of the trust becomes irrevocable, and whatever assets are in it will get transferred to the intended beneficiaries.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 15 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661) 825-8880
Q. I received a book in the mail that I did not order. The box had printing on it describing the contents as a free gift. There was no bill enclosed, therefore I assumed it was indeed a free gift. I just received a bill for $36.00. Do I have to pay for a “free” book or waste an hour of my time waiting in line at the post office to return a book I did not order?
A. You do not have to pay nor do you have to return the book and pay for postage out of your own pocket to return something you did not order. I hope you kept the box as well as the bill. I would write a letter to the sender stating exactly that: you will not pay for this book because you did not order it, and because you thought it was a gift, nor will you pay for postage to return it.
Q. Is there a statute of limitations on collection of debts?
A. Yes there is. If the debt was incurred as a result of a written contract, the statute of limitations is 4 years. If the debt was made orally, the statute is 2 years. Very often, some collection agencies will buy debt in bulk for a couple of pennies on the dollar owed and will then attempt to collect on the debt. Sometimes, the debt is 10 to 15 years old. The collectors can really harass people, calling them at all times of day and night, calling at work, despite laws that protect from this kind of harassment. Often, the debtors don’t know any better and pay the debt. The statute of limitations will protect the debtors, but the collection agency can place a derogatory note on the debtor’s credit report. If that happens, it falls upon the debtor to respond and ask the credit reporting agency to put a note written by the debtor explaining why that particular debt has not been paid. If the debt is older than 10 years, the credit reporting agency cannot still report it. Even when a debtor files for bankruptcy, the debts unpaid due to a bankruptcy cannot be reported for longer than 10 years.
Q. If older people with families from previous marriages get married, how do they each protect what they want to leave to their own children or grandchildren?
A. By setting up a Joint revocable Living Trust. When one spouse dies, that spouse’s half of the trust becomes irrevocable, and whatever assets are in it will get transferred to the intended beneficiaries.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 15 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661) 825-8880
Monday, March 23, 2009
Legal Eaze #64 Conservatorship/Bankrupt Store Claim
Title: February 21, 2007
Q. My son is 38 years old. He is schizophrenic and manic-depressive. He cannot keep a job, and gets into trouble with the law all the time. He receives disability checks, but spends the money within 2 or 3 days after receiving it. The rest of the month, he is broke. He spends his money on beer, cigarettes and buys stuff for his “friends”. His friends are freeloaders who take advantage of his disability. He comes to my house just about every day to get fed, take a shower and get his clothes washed, but otherwise, I don’t know where he sleeps. He refuses to tell me. I tried to follow him but was unsuccessful. What should I do to help him?
A. It appears that your son may need a conservator. As his mother, you can file a Petition for Conservatorship over his person and his estate with the Superior Court. The Court will appoint an investigator (at your cost) to find out whether or not a conservatorship is the right way to go. If you are appointed his conservator (for the person and the estate), you will have the power to make decisions about how his money is spent, and where he will live, among other responsibilities. His care and well-being will be in your hands. A temporary Conservatorship might be granted by the Court (you have to file a Petition for Temporary Conservatorship at the same time as the Petition for General Conservatorship) until the Court investigator has completed a report. This process would be simplified if your son is willing to cooperate and agrees with your conservatorship over him.
Q. I purchased a diamond ring for my wife to give to her during the holidays. I bought it from a jewelry store that since went bankrupt. I paid several hundreds of dollars for the ring. My wife had the ring appraised and found out that the stone is a cubic zirconium, a total fake. I am furious at myself for having been fooled. My wife is furious at me for giving her a fake diamond ring. What do you suggest I do?
A. Since the company has filed for bankruptcy, you need to find out where the bankruptcy case was filed and file a claim with the Bankruptcy Court. If the store gave you a certificate of authenticity with the diamond ring, that can be used as proof that you overpaid for the CZ ring. It might be too late for you to file a claim, depending on how long ago the store filed bankruptcy, but it does not hurt to try.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 14 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880
Q. My son is 38 years old. He is schizophrenic and manic-depressive. He cannot keep a job, and gets into trouble with the law all the time. He receives disability checks, but spends the money within 2 or 3 days after receiving it. The rest of the month, he is broke. He spends his money on beer, cigarettes and buys stuff for his “friends”. His friends are freeloaders who take advantage of his disability. He comes to my house just about every day to get fed, take a shower and get his clothes washed, but otherwise, I don’t know where he sleeps. He refuses to tell me. I tried to follow him but was unsuccessful. What should I do to help him?
A. It appears that your son may need a conservator. As his mother, you can file a Petition for Conservatorship over his person and his estate with the Superior Court. The Court will appoint an investigator (at your cost) to find out whether or not a conservatorship is the right way to go. If you are appointed his conservator (for the person and the estate), you will have the power to make decisions about how his money is spent, and where he will live, among other responsibilities. His care and well-being will be in your hands. A temporary Conservatorship might be granted by the Court (you have to file a Petition for Temporary Conservatorship at the same time as the Petition for General Conservatorship) until the Court investigator has completed a report. This process would be simplified if your son is willing to cooperate and agrees with your conservatorship over him.
Q. I purchased a diamond ring for my wife to give to her during the holidays. I bought it from a jewelry store that since went bankrupt. I paid several hundreds of dollars for the ring. My wife had the ring appraised and found out that the stone is a cubic zirconium, a total fake. I am furious at myself for having been fooled. My wife is furious at me for giving her a fake diamond ring. What do you suggest I do?
A. Since the company has filed for bankruptcy, you need to find out where the bankruptcy case was filed and file a claim with the Bankruptcy Court. If the store gave you a certificate of authenticity with the diamond ring, that can be used as proof that you overpaid for the CZ ring. It might be too late for you to file a claim, depending on how long ago the store filed bankruptcy, but it does not hurt to try.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 14 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880
Thursday, March 12, 2009
Legal Eaze #35 Credit Card Debt/ Spousal Support
Title: December 21, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. My daughter had to file for bankruptcy when she divorced her first husband, because he “took her to the cleaners”. Now she has remarried and wants to buy a house with her new husband. What are the ramifications of the bankruptcy she filed some time ago?
A. A bankruptcy stays on someone’s credit report for 10 years. However, a person who has undergone bankruptcy can re-reestablish his/her credit much sooner. Any credit will cost more, i.e. the interest rate charged to that person will be higher than that charged to someone who has a perfect credit score. As the credit is slowly re-established and payments on household bills and other bills are being paid on time on a regular basis, the interest charged on credit will slowly decrease until such time that creditors feel the risk of lending money to that person is low or is equal to the norm. This can take anywhere from two to four years, or longer, depending on the spending habits of that person, whether he/she is living above his/her means, paying bills on time and whether the credit limit on credit cards is reached too often. One of the best way to re-establish one’s credit is to avoid “maxing” out credit cards and to keep your balance(s) at a minimum. Having 10 credit cards is not a good idea, because creditors will feel that it is much easier to get quickly into trouble with that many credit cards. One must not forget also that it is much more difficult to file for bankruptcy nowadays since bankruptcy laws changed in October. Many will be forced to file a Chapter 13 bankruptcy which entails repayment of your debts over a period of up to five years.
Q. I have to pay spousal support to my ex-wife until she remarries or dies. She lives with some guy in another state. Do I have to continue paying spousal support to her?
A. Family law Code Section 4323 states there is a rebuttable presumption that there is a decreased need for spousal support when the supported party is cohabiting with a person of the opposite sex. The supporting party may seek relief by claiming that the non-marital partner’s income must be considered in determining spousal support award to the extent it reduces the other’s living expenses. You must make a motion in Court to modify the spousal support due to the cohabitation of the supported party and her reduced living expenses.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. My daughter had to file for bankruptcy when she divorced her first husband, because he “took her to the cleaners”. Now she has remarried and wants to buy a house with her new husband. What are the ramifications of the bankruptcy she filed some time ago?
A. A bankruptcy stays on someone’s credit report for 10 years. However, a person who has undergone bankruptcy can re-reestablish his/her credit much sooner. Any credit will cost more, i.e. the interest rate charged to that person will be higher than that charged to someone who has a perfect credit score. As the credit is slowly re-established and payments on household bills and other bills are being paid on time on a regular basis, the interest charged on credit will slowly decrease until such time that creditors feel the risk of lending money to that person is low or is equal to the norm. This can take anywhere from two to four years, or longer, depending on the spending habits of that person, whether he/she is living above his/her means, paying bills on time and whether the credit limit on credit cards is reached too often. One of the best way to re-establish one’s credit is to avoid “maxing” out credit cards and to keep your balance(s) at a minimum. Having 10 credit cards is not a good idea, because creditors will feel that it is much easier to get quickly into trouble with that many credit cards. One must not forget also that it is much more difficult to file for bankruptcy nowadays since bankruptcy laws changed in October. Many will be forced to file a Chapter 13 bankruptcy which entails repayment of your debts over a period of up to five years.
Q. I have to pay spousal support to my ex-wife until she remarries or dies. She lives with some guy in another state. Do I have to continue paying spousal support to her?
A. Family law Code Section 4323 states there is a rebuttable presumption that there is a decreased need for spousal support when the supported party is cohabiting with a person of the opposite sex. The supporting party may seek relief by claiming that the non-marital partner’s income must be considered in determining spousal support award to the extent it reduces the other’s living expenses. You must make a motion in Court to modify the spousal support due to the cohabitation of the supported party and her reduced living expenses.
Monday, March 2, 2009
Legal Eaze #29 Injure responsibility/ bankruptcy
Title: August 31, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I was visiting a neighbor’s house about six months ago and I slipped on the stairs leading to the house. I hurt my back and I told my neighbor about slipping in her stairwell once I came into the house. She did not say anything about taking care of the doctor’s bill. I did go to the doctor and was told that I have a slipped disk. This is still causing me a lot of discomfort and pain, and I am afraid that I will be under the doctor’s care for quite some time. In the meantime, I have been paying for the doctor’s care, which is getting expensive, not to mention the pain I am suffering. Isn’t it my neighbor’s responsibility to pay for my doctor’s bills since I fell on her property?
A. Your neighbor probably has homeowner’s insurance which normally covers injuries sustained by guests or workers while being on her property. It is obvious that she will not do anything to help you unless you make another request that she make a claim to her homeowners’ insurance. If she does not relent, you should file a lawsuit. You have two years to do so from the date of the injury. But don’t wait two years. If you are still suffering pain after being injured six months ago and you run out of money, you might never get better. Better have her insurance pay for your medical treatment than you. Your neighbor is indeed liable for any accidental injuries sustained on her property
Q. My husband filed for bankruptcy, but I did not join in with him. He filed for BK on all of his credit cards, which he obtained before our marriage, expect for one or two. Can his creditors come after me for the debt he incurred on the credit cards that postdate our marriage?
A. Yes, they can. When husband and wife use a credit card, it is for the benefit of the community and therefore any debt incurred is considered community debt. If the husband is unable to pay, then it is perfectly legal for creditors to pursue collection against the spouse. If you are working, they can obtain a judgment against you and slap you with a wage garnishment. Of course, they can only take a small percentage of your salary, but nevertheless it hurts when you have to give up to 25% of your salary to pay your husband’s debts.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I was visiting a neighbor’s house about six months ago and I slipped on the stairs leading to the house. I hurt my back and I told my neighbor about slipping in her stairwell once I came into the house. She did not say anything about taking care of the doctor’s bill. I did go to the doctor and was told that I have a slipped disk. This is still causing me a lot of discomfort and pain, and I am afraid that I will be under the doctor’s care for quite some time. In the meantime, I have been paying for the doctor’s care, which is getting expensive, not to mention the pain I am suffering. Isn’t it my neighbor’s responsibility to pay for my doctor’s bills since I fell on her property?
A. Your neighbor probably has homeowner’s insurance which normally covers injuries sustained by guests or workers while being on her property. It is obvious that she will not do anything to help you unless you make another request that she make a claim to her homeowners’ insurance. If she does not relent, you should file a lawsuit. You have two years to do so from the date of the injury. But don’t wait two years. If you are still suffering pain after being injured six months ago and you run out of money, you might never get better. Better have her insurance pay for your medical treatment than you. Your neighbor is indeed liable for any accidental injuries sustained on her property
Q. My husband filed for bankruptcy, but I did not join in with him. He filed for BK on all of his credit cards, which he obtained before our marriage, expect for one or two. Can his creditors come after me for the debt he incurred on the credit cards that postdate our marriage?
A. Yes, they can. When husband and wife use a credit card, it is for the benefit of the community and therefore any debt incurred is considered community debt. If the husband is unable to pay, then it is perfectly legal for creditors to pursue collection against the spouse. If you are working, they can obtain a judgment against you and slap you with a wage garnishment. Of course, they can only take a small percentage of your salary, but nevertheless it hurts when you have to give up to 25% of your salary to pay your husband’s debts.
Friday, February 27, 2009
Legal Eaze #24 medicated son/ bankruptcy
Title: June 15, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. Our son resides with us. He is 22 years old and he suffers from schizophrenia. He has refused to take his medication on numerous occasions which is causing him to become aggressive, loud and obnoxious. He is a pretty big guy and my wife is sometimes fearful of him when she is alone with him in the house. He has never harmed her but sometimes I feel like it is only a matter of time before he does. I go to work every day and am away from our home from 7 a.m. through 7 p.m. five days a week. I don’t want my wife to feel like I am abandoning her and I don’t want her to be hurt by our son. What should we do?
A. You son need to be committed to a mental institution. What are you waiting for to do so? Are you waiting for your wife to be injured by your son? If your son refuses to take his medication, and that is the only thing that keeps him from acting out, then he is “an accident” waiting to happen. Until he realizes that taking his medication is what will keep him out of the hospital, he needs to be kept under control at all times. The medical staff at a hospital or a mental institution has the know-how to control a schizophrenic. You may also need to file a Petition for Conservatorship with the court in order to have the right to make medical decisions for your son. You may also need to manage his financial affairs, if he has any to manage, and becoming his conservator will give you that power.
Q. My credit card bills have become unmanageable. I am only working part-time now and I cannot keep a roof over my head and feed my family while continuing to pay for all our credit cards. My wife is eight months pregnant and cannot work anymore until she gives birth to our third child. What should I do?
A. File for bankruptcy, if you not done so already. I would advise you to hurry because the new bankruptcy laws will take effect in October 2005. Soon, it will be far more difficult for credit card debt to be discharged. In fact, many will be forced to file a Chapter 13, which entails repaying debt over time. Financial management classes will also be mandatory. The new bankruptcy laws will be disastrous for people who reached financial bottom through illness. Unfortunately, Congress members listed too closely to the credit card industry’s complaints. One can only expect that debtor’s prison will be reinstated next.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. Our son resides with us. He is 22 years old and he suffers from schizophrenia. He has refused to take his medication on numerous occasions which is causing him to become aggressive, loud and obnoxious. He is a pretty big guy and my wife is sometimes fearful of him when she is alone with him in the house. He has never harmed her but sometimes I feel like it is only a matter of time before he does. I go to work every day and am away from our home from 7 a.m. through 7 p.m. five days a week. I don’t want my wife to feel like I am abandoning her and I don’t want her to be hurt by our son. What should we do?
A. You son need to be committed to a mental institution. What are you waiting for to do so? Are you waiting for your wife to be injured by your son? If your son refuses to take his medication, and that is the only thing that keeps him from acting out, then he is “an accident” waiting to happen. Until he realizes that taking his medication is what will keep him out of the hospital, he needs to be kept under control at all times. The medical staff at a hospital or a mental institution has the know-how to control a schizophrenic. You may also need to file a Petition for Conservatorship with the court in order to have the right to make medical decisions for your son. You may also need to manage his financial affairs, if he has any to manage, and becoming his conservator will give you that power.
Q. My credit card bills have become unmanageable. I am only working part-time now and I cannot keep a roof over my head and feed my family while continuing to pay for all our credit cards. My wife is eight months pregnant and cannot work anymore until she gives birth to our third child. What should I do?
A. File for bankruptcy, if you not done so already. I would advise you to hurry because the new bankruptcy laws will take effect in October 2005. Soon, it will be far more difficult for credit card debt to be discharged. In fact, many will be forced to file a Chapter 13, which entails repaying debt over time. Financial management classes will also be mandatory. The new bankruptcy laws will be disastrous for people who reached financial bottom through illness. Unfortunately, Congress members listed too closely to the credit card industry’s complaints. One can only expect that debtor’s prison will be reinstated next.
Wednesday, December 31, 2008
Legal Eaze #3 Divorce Reorganization of Debts
Originally Printed: July 23, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. Last year, I represented myself in a divorce action and I had to sell the house and other items in order to pay my wife her half of the community assets. I seems I was stuck with all the community debts. Now I am broke and cannot meet my financial obligations. What can I do?
A. It appears you did not get a fair deal in family law court. It may have been to your advantage if you had hired a lawyer to represent you. At this point, you may be forced to file for bankruptcy. If you are employed and get a regular paycheck, you may be able to file a Chapter 13, which is also known as “a reorganization of debts”. A trustee will oversee your estate and distribute portion of your income to all of your creditors. In such a case, you may keep all of your assets, or what is left of them and pay your creditors over a period of time, but not more than 60 months. Depending on the amount to be distributed, your creditors may or may not be fully paid. All of your secured creditors, i.e. those who hold collateral sufficient to support the debt, will be fully paid or at least to the extent of the value of the collateral. If you are making monthly payments on your car (often the car is worth less than the balance owed) you may be able to discharge the amount that is not secured, but if you want to keep the car, you must pay the “secured” balance. The unsecured creditors are those you may suffer. If you do not have a regular paycheck, the better alternative is to file a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, or “straight (liquidation)” bankruptcy. A trustee will be appointed to review your assets, and if he/she finds some assets that are not exempt, these assets will be liquidated and the proceeds will be divided among your creditors. Everyone is entitled to exemptions when it comes to personal assets, such as furniture and furnishings, clothing, kitchen appliances, etc. These assets are exempt in different amounts, depending on which system of exemptions one uses, i.e. California Code of Procedure Sections 703 or 704. CCP Section 704 system is preferable to the 703 system if one has a house to protect. A single person owning a residence is entitled to keeping up to $50,000 in equity, a married couple is entitled to $75,000 in equity and a person over the age of 65 years old, $125,000. In order words, if you do not have this kind of equity in your home, you can keep it through the bankruptcy, as long as you keep making your mortgage payments. The same holds for your car. You are entitled to a certain amount of exemption, again depending on which system you use. Bankruptcy is meant to allow you a fresh new start and does not carry the stigma it once carried. Millions of people have taken advantage of bankruptcy laws, especially through difficult financial times experienced by the entire country.
Forward your questions by e-mail to maxinedev@msn.com or drop questions at the Tehachapi News, 411 N. Mill St., Tehachapi, or send them by mail to P.O. Box 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. Last year, I represented myself in a divorce action and I had to sell the house and other items in order to pay my wife her half of the community assets. I seems I was stuck with all the community debts. Now I am broke and cannot meet my financial obligations. What can I do?
A. It appears you did not get a fair deal in family law court. It may have been to your advantage if you had hired a lawyer to represent you. At this point, you may be forced to file for bankruptcy. If you are employed and get a regular paycheck, you may be able to file a Chapter 13, which is also known as “a reorganization of debts”. A trustee will oversee your estate and distribute portion of your income to all of your creditors. In such a case, you may keep all of your assets, or what is left of them and pay your creditors over a period of time, but not more than 60 months. Depending on the amount to be distributed, your creditors may or may not be fully paid. All of your secured creditors, i.e. those who hold collateral sufficient to support the debt, will be fully paid or at least to the extent of the value of the collateral. If you are making monthly payments on your car (often the car is worth less than the balance owed) you may be able to discharge the amount that is not secured, but if you want to keep the car, you must pay the “secured” balance. The unsecured creditors are those you may suffer. If you do not have a regular paycheck, the better alternative is to file a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, or “straight (liquidation)” bankruptcy. A trustee will be appointed to review your assets, and if he/she finds some assets that are not exempt, these assets will be liquidated and the proceeds will be divided among your creditors. Everyone is entitled to exemptions when it comes to personal assets, such as furniture and furnishings, clothing, kitchen appliances, etc. These assets are exempt in different amounts, depending on which system of exemptions one uses, i.e. California Code of Procedure Sections 703 or 704. CCP Section 704 system is preferable to the 703 system if one has a house to protect. A single person owning a residence is entitled to keeping up to $50,000 in equity, a married couple is entitled to $75,000 in equity and a person over the age of 65 years old, $125,000. In order words, if you do not have this kind of equity in your home, you can keep it through the bankruptcy, as long as you keep making your mortgage payments. The same holds for your car. You are entitled to a certain amount of exemption, again depending on which system you use. Bankruptcy is meant to allow you a fresh new start and does not carry the stigma it once carried. Millions of people have taken advantage of bankruptcy laws, especially through difficult financial times experienced by the entire country.
Forward your questions by e-mail to maxinedev@msn.com or drop questions at the Tehachapi News, 411 N. Mill St., Tehachapi, or send them by mail to P.O. Box 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
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