Title: March 8, 2006
Q. Can my wife testify against me in a criminal case I am involved in?
A. Generally speaking, a marriage person may not be forced to testify against his or her spouse in any proceeding. This privilege will still hold even after the couple gets divorced, though it will only apply to acts and conversations held while they were married. However, there are exceptions, i.e. (1) where one spouse is suing the other (including divorce or child custody hearings); (2) A proceeding where one spouse wishes to have the other committed or take control over property because of the spouse’s alleged mental or physical condition. (3) A criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a crime against another spouse or family member (even if committed before the marriage). (4) Charge of bigamy (5) a civil case brought by one spouse for the immediate benefit of the other spouse and (6) any communications made to enable or aid anyone to plan or commit a crime or fraud.
A I bought a brand new car last September, but I keep having to bring it in for repairs and I am tired of this. In the last seven months, I have had my car to drive for a total of 3.5 months. This is ridiculous. I believe I have a “lemon”. What can I do?
Q. California’s Lemon Law states that if a car manufacturer or an authorized dleaer or representative can’t repair a serious defect of a new vehicle under warranty after a reasonable number of attempts, then the manufacturer must either promptly replace the car or give the buyer back his or her purchase price. Of course, the decision to get a new vehicle or get your money back is up to you. If you choose to get your money back, it will not include the costs of items that were installed by either the dealer or yourself after the car was shipped by the manufacturer. You will be compensated for any incidental costs associated with getting the car fixed, such as towing and car rental fees. You may be charged for your limited use of the car up until the time when you first brought it in to get repaired. Generally, this works out to 1 percent of the vehicle’s purchase price for every 1,200 miles that you drove it.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Monday, March 16, 2009
Legal Eaze #41 car brakes/ credit card collection agency/ funeral
Title: February 22, 2006
Q. I helped my friend over the weekend to work on his car brakes. He gave me a six-pack of beer for helping him. My friend got in an accident and claimed his brakes failed. Am I responsible?
A. Unless you are a certified car mechanic and had a contract with your friend to fix the brakes, for which you got paid a six-pack of beer, you are not responsible for the accident.
Q. I have been sued by a collection agency trying to collect a credit card debt that is at least 10 years old, if not older. I did use the credit card but I lost my job and had no money to make the monthly payments. The debt grew and grew until it became totally unmanageable for me. Now, this collection agency wants triple what the debt was originally. What do I do?
A You need to answer the complaint by generally denying the complaint allegations. Then as an affirmative defense, you need to mention that the cause of action for breach of contract is barred by the statute of limitations as well as any other causes of action. This means that the debt is too old to be collected on. The statute of limitations on credit card debt is four years after your last payment or the last communication between the credit card and you.
Q. My mother died about one month ago. Of course, I contacted a funeral home for them to handle the cremation of my mother’s body. In order for my mother’s body to be cremated, they told me I had to purchase a casket. I was grieving and not in my right mind and I paid them almost $4,500 for a casket, but now that I think of it, why does a body need a casket to be cremated in? That makes no sense at all. I believe I was defrauded. What do you think?
A I agree. The Funeral Rule requires funeral providers to give you an accurate, itemized price list about funeral goods and services. To require the purchase of a casket for cremation is in direct violation of this rule, and this funeral provider will be subjected to a penalty up to $10,000 for this egregious act. You need to report this to the authorities and hire an attorney to file a lawsuit against the funeral provider. It is possible that you can write a letter and mention that you will file a lawsuit against the company unless they give you your money back for the violation if you want to avoid the time and aggravation associated with a lawsuit.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Q. I helped my friend over the weekend to work on his car brakes. He gave me a six-pack of beer for helping him. My friend got in an accident and claimed his brakes failed. Am I responsible?
A. Unless you are a certified car mechanic and had a contract with your friend to fix the brakes, for which you got paid a six-pack of beer, you are not responsible for the accident.
Q. I have been sued by a collection agency trying to collect a credit card debt that is at least 10 years old, if not older. I did use the credit card but I lost my job and had no money to make the monthly payments. The debt grew and grew until it became totally unmanageable for me. Now, this collection agency wants triple what the debt was originally. What do I do?
A You need to answer the complaint by generally denying the complaint allegations. Then as an affirmative defense, you need to mention that the cause of action for breach of contract is barred by the statute of limitations as well as any other causes of action. This means that the debt is too old to be collected on. The statute of limitations on credit card debt is four years after your last payment or the last communication between the credit card and you.
Q. My mother died about one month ago. Of course, I contacted a funeral home for them to handle the cremation of my mother’s body. In order for my mother’s body to be cremated, they told me I had to purchase a casket. I was grieving and not in my right mind and I paid them almost $4,500 for a casket, but now that I think of it, why does a body need a casket to be cremated in? That makes no sense at all. I believe I was defrauded. What do you think?
A I agree. The Funeral Rule requires funeral providers to give you an accurate, itemized price list about funeral goods and services. To require the purchase of a casket for cremation is in direct violation of this rule, and this funeral provider will be subjected to a penalty up to $10,000 for this egregious act. You need to report this to the authorities and hire an attorney to file a lawsuit against the funeral provider. It is possible that you can write a letter and mention that you will file a lawsuit against the company unless they give you your money back for the violation if you want to avoid the time and aggravation associated with a lawsuit.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Legal Eaze #40 attorney fees, child support, probate, lost a long trial
Title: February 8, 2006
Q. I just went through a divorce and the attorney’s fees were very costly. I am wondering if the attorney’s fees are tax deductible?
A. Generally, attorney fees and other costs paid in connection with a Dissolution of marriage are nondeductible. There are several exceptions such as attorney fees incurred specifically for production of income, such as spousal support issues in the case, tax advice and preservation of title to a capital asset, such as land, buildings and machinery. Attorney’s fees related to child custody and child support are nondeductible. Your attorney needs to make sure that accurate billing records are kept which allocates the services and expenses into those which may have a tax benefit to the client from those which are purely personal.
Q. Do I have to support my children through college?
A You are obligated to support your children until they are either 18 years old and graduated from high school, or when they turn 19 years old. You do not have to support your children through college, unless you want to.
Q. Does my estate need to be probated if it is worth less than $100,000?
A. No. An estate must reach the threshold amount of $100,000 to require that it be probated. There is an administration procedure sanctioned by the Court for estates worth less than $100,000, which is a very efficient way to have your assets pass to your heirs. However, you must have a will drafted. Otherwise, your assets will pass to persons you may not want to leave anything to, but according to the laws of the California. Nightmarish outcomes have been reached through California intestate laws. Make very sure you have a will spelling out your last wishes with regards to your assets. That way, the state cannot decide who your assets will go to.
Q. I have lost a long jury trial. I want to appeal. What now?
A. Even though you are angry and disappointed, some basic knowledge about the appellate process is necessary before you decide to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court. An appeal is not a retrial. You cannot call witnesses or present testimony. The Court of Appeal is not deciding your case on its merits. It will look for legal error in the trial below. That error may be one committed by the court, the jury, or even opposing counsel. To justify reversal, the error must be prejudicial and result in a miscarriage of justice. Of course, errors often occur during a trial; no trial is perfect. You must show that the error is so significant that it is more likely than not it affected the outcome of the case.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Q. I just went through a divorce and the attorney’s fees were very costly. I am wondering if the attorney’s fees are tax deductible?
A. Generally, attorney fees and other costs paid in connection with a Dissolution of marriage are nondeductible. There are several exceptions such as attorney fees incurred specifically for production of income, such as spousal support issues in the case, tax advice and preservation of title to a capital asset, such as land, buildings and machinery. Attorney’s fees related to child custody and child support are nondeductible. Your attorney needs to make sure that accurate billing records are kept which allocates the services and expenses into those which may have a tax benefit to the client from those which are purely personal.
Q. Do I have to support my children through college?
A You are obligated to support your children until they are either 18 years old and graduated from high school, or when they turn 19 years old. You do not have to support your children through college, unless you want to.
Q. Does my estate need to be probated if it is worth less than $100,000?
A. No. An estate must reach the threshold amount of $100,000 to require that it be probated. There is an administration procedure sanctioned by the Court for estates worth less than $100,000, which is a very efficient way to have your assets pass to your heirs. However, you must have a will drafted. Otherwise, your assets will pass to persons you may not want to leave anything to, but according to the laws of the California. Nightmarish outcomes have been reached through California intestate laws. Make very sure you have a will spelling out your last wishes with regards to your assets. That way, the state cannot decide who your assets will go to.
Q. I have lost a long jury trial. I want to appeal. What now?
A. Even though you are angry and disappointed, some basic knowledge about the appellate process is necessary before you decide to appeal all the way to the Supreme Court. An appeal is not a retrial. You cannot call witnesses or present testimony. The Court of Appeal is not deciding your case on its merits. It will look for legal error in the trial below. That error may be one committed by the court, the jury, or even opposing counsel. To justify reversal, the error must be prejudicial and result in a miscarriage of justice. Of course, errors often occur during a trial; no trial is perfect. You must show that the error is so significant that it is more likely than not it affected the outcome of the case.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Legal Eaze #39 Homestead Declaration, Cow Damage
Title: January 4, 2006
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. What is a Homestead Declaration and why should we have one recorded with Kern County?
A. If you have a family residence in Kern County and your family resides in it, a Homestead Declaration will help reduce your property taxes because $7,500 will be deducted from the total assessed value of your property before the county assessor will estimate your yearly property taxes due. In addition, should you be sued by a creditor for a debt, $50,000 of your equity will be exempted from the creditor’s grasp if you are a single individual, $75,000 for a husband and wife, and $125,000 if you are over 65 years old. I advise anyone who owns a home to have a homestead declaration prepared and recorded with the county recorder, no matter whether you are single, married or a senior citizen. The Homestead Declaration is only applicable to your “residence”, not a vacation home or a rental.
Q. I am writing about the newspaper article in the Tehachapi news on December 28 regarding the cow that was hit by the people driving a 1997 Buick on the 58 going west. Who is responsible for the damage to their car?
A. Typically, the owner of the cow would be responsible. However, it is my understanding that the owner of the cow leases the land where he grazes his cows. Caltrans is not liable because it is not Caltrans’ job to put fences up to stop cattle from walking onto roadways. It is the property owner’s duty to ensure that the fencing around his property is strong enough to stop cattle from coming onto roadways. If the property owner leases the land to a cattle owner who plans to graze his cattle there, then it is the property owner’s duty to fence his property properly. If cattle escape from the leased land and cause damage to vehicles on the roadway, the property owner is liable for the damage. However, if the property owner has a contract that shifts liability for escaped cattle to the cattle owner and that clause also specifies that the cattle owner is responsible for building strong fencing that will contain cattle within the grazing land, then the cattle owner is liable for the damage(s) caused by any escaped cattle. However, if you happen to hit a deer and it causes a lot of damage to your vehicle, then it is your problem. A deer is not owned by anyone; it is a wild animal. The argument that the State of California is responsible for its wild animals will not hold.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. What is a Homestead Declaration and why should we have one recorded with Kern County?
A. If you have a family residence in Kern County and your family resides in it, a Homestead Declaration will help reduce your property taxes because $7,500 will be deducted from the total assessed value of your property before the county assessor will estimate your yearly property taxes due. In addition, should you be sued by a creditor for a debt, $50,000 of your equity will be exempted from the creditor’s grasp if you are a single individual, $75,000 for a husband and wife, and $125,000 if you are over 65 years old. I advise anyone who owns a home to have a homestead declaration prepared and recorded with the county recorder, no matter whether you are single, married or a senior citizen. The Homestead Declaration is only applicable to your “residence”, not a vacation home or a rental.
Q. I am writing about the newspaper article in the Tehachapi news on December 28 regarding the cow that was hit by the people driving a 1997 Buick on the 58 going west. Who is responsible for the damage to their car?
A. Typically, the owner of the cow would be responsible. However, it is my understanding that the owner of the cow leases the land where he grazes his cows. Caltrans is not liable because it is not Caltrans’ job to put fences up to stop cattle from walking onto roadways. It is the property owner’s duty to ensure that the fencing around his property is strong enough to stop cattle from coming onto roadways. If the property owner leases the land to a cattle owner who plans to graze his cattle there, then it is the property owner’s duty to fence his property properly. If cattle escape from the leased land and cause damage to vehicles on the roadway, the property owner is liable for the damage. However, if the property owner has a contract that shifts liability for escaped cattle to the cattle owner and that clause also specifies that the cattle owner is responsible for building strong fencing that will contain cattle within the grazing land, then the cattle owner is liable for the damage(s) caused by any escaped cattle. However, if you happen to hit a deer and it causes a lot of damage to your vehicle, then it is your problem. A deer is not owned by anyone; it is a wild animal. The argument that the State of California is responsible for its wild animals will not hold.
Legal Eaze #38 Road Accident/ Employer Fired
Title: January 25, 2006
Q. As I was driving my car this past weekend, it was very slippery and in applying my brakes too quickly, my car slid across the road on some black ice and slipped right into someone’s fence. Unfortunately, I severely damaged the fence, in addition to some damage to my car. I rang the bell at the front door, but no one answered. So, I left. What is my liability?
A. You are liable for the repairs to the fence. Your car insurance can take care of the damage. You should return to that residence in the evening or on the weekend when there is a good chance that someone will be home and tell the owner that you damaged his/her fence and give your insurance information. The owner will make a claim with your insurance. You should also call your insurance company and report the accident as soon as possible, if you have not already done so.
Q. I work for a small company in Bakersfield where the employees are all in the same room with no privacy whatsoever. My 14-year old son called me to tell me that he had been arrested by the police after shoplifting at a mall. The police let him make one phone call. I had to leave work to go pick him up. The next day, when I arrived at work, my boss told me I was fired for leaving the day before. What can I do?
A. You are not giving me enough information to give you advice one way or another. What are this employer’s policies as far as emergencies that may arise? Did you have vacation time, personal time, sick leave that could have been used to take care of your son’s problem? How long have you been working there? If you have been working there only for a few days, your employer’s attitude is understandable. It is possible that other employees overhead your telephone conversation and told your boss why you left. Unless you had an employment contract, a typical employer-employee relationship is “at will”. You can get fired anytime or you can quit anytime.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Q. As I was driving my car this past weekend, it was very slippery and in applying my brakes too quickly, my car slid across the road on some black ice and slipped right into someone’s fence. Unfortunately, I severely damaged the fence, in addition to some damage to my car. I rang the bell at the front door, but no one answered. So, I left. What is my liability?
A. You are liable for the repairs to the fence. Your car insurance can take care of the damage. You should return to that residence in the evening or on the weekend when there is a good chance that someone will be home and tell the owner that you damaged his/her fence and give your insurance information. The owner will make a claim with your insurance. You should also call your insurance company and report the accident as soon as possible, if you have not already done so.
Q. I work for a small company in Bakersfield where the employees are all in the same room with no privacy whatsoever. My 14-year old son called me to tell me that he had been arrested by the police after shoplifting at a mall. The police let him make one phone call. I had to leave work to go pick him up. The next day, when I arrived at work, my boss told me I was fired for leaving the day before. What can I do?
A. You are not giving me enough information to give you advice one way or another. What are this employer’s policies as far as emergencies that may arise? Did you have vacation time, personal time, sick leave that could have been used to take care of your son’s problem? How long have you been working there? If you have been working there only for a few days, your employer’s attitude is understandable. It is possible that other employees overhead your telephone conversation and told your boss why you left. Unless you had an employment contract, a typical employer-employee relationship is “at will”. You can get fired anytime or you can quit anytime.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She practices law from her Tehachapi office as well as her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers to the best of her abilities. Email your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax to (661)825-8880.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)