Originally Printed: December 29, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her home office in Alpine Forest, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. We normally have snow by now. I have acres of land on a slope and located where it is easy for children to invade my property to snow play. Last year, kids damaged my fence and a few cattle got out. Although I repaired the fence and managed to get all my cattle back, how do I avoid a repeat this year?
A. Short of building a high fence around your property and placing signs in various strategic places, as well as standing around to shoo away any trespassers, it might be difficult to stop children from coming onto your property to play. The combination “slope and snow” is what we call an “attractive nuisance” in legal terms. You may even be held responsible if a kid gets hurt on your property. I remember last year, Kern County sheriffs were stopping people from going up to Alpine Forest for that very reason. It is unfortunate that there are insufficient parking spaces at Tehachapi Mountain Park for these families to go up there to play and leave surrounding private properties intact. Just make sure that you have your fence up and have “no trespassing” signs at various locations in order to discourage the invaders as well as potential lawsuits should injuries occur on your land. Keep an eye out to ensure your fence does not get damaged again and write down the license plate number of the vehicles that brought the “destroyers”. It is an excellent way to track down the parents of those children that cause damage to your property and hold them responsible.
Q. My husband drinks a lot and becomes abusive and violent. This is a time of the year where a lot of people are drinking and he thinks this validates an increase in the number of drinks he can have. I fear for myself and my children during the holidays. It is worse than at any other times. What should I do?
A. I am sorry that the holidays are an unhappy time of the year for you. If your husband does not realize how he is harming his family by his heavy drinking, it may be time for you to seek refuge elsewhere. Do you have family or a friend that you can go visit, taking your children with you? By removing yourself and your children from you home, you remove the temptation for your husband to abuse you. It is difficult to decide to leave your husband now, but once you put some distance between and the abuser, you may have a clearer view of your situation. I wish you the wisdom to make the right decision.
Saturday, January 3, 2009
Legal Eaze #11 Care for Elderly Parents/ Car Dealership
Originally Printed: December 15, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her home office in Alpine Forest, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. My parents are quite elderly. My father is already in a wheelchair from diabetes and arthritis, while my mother suffers from congestive heart failure. They live together on their 20-acre property and the closest neighbor is a couple of miles away. I fear for their health and safety and need to convince them this is not the safest way to live at their age. How can I convince them to change their lifestyle?
A. Do your parents still have all their mental faculties? If so, you need to speak with each one separately and convince each one to sign a Power of Attorney for financial decisions and Power for Attorney for healthcare. One way would be to ask each one: “Should anything happen to the other, how would you take the decisions that need to be taken in the absence of the other?” Listen to the response and if it does not make sense, formulate and make your argument using that response. Sometimes, elderly people can be very obstinate and not realize that their lifestyle can endanger their spouse. Your love for your parents should dictate how you need to approach them and prepare them to accept and sign Powers of Attorney. Such POA can be “springing” in other words are activated only if your parent’s mental ability is lacking according to a physician, or if one or both parents are physically incapacitated and unable to care for the other. POA’s wording can be very flexible.
Q. I purchased a used vehicle from a dealer that had a three-month warranty. The day after I took it off the lot, the brakes failed and I hit the back of another car that was stopped at a red light. I was raining pretty hard that day. I went back to the dealer and complained that my brakes failed and had a car accident. The dealer gave me the runaround and refused to do anything about the brakes, not to mention the $2,500 of damages to the other car. What can I do?
A. There are several issues here. First it was raining the day of the accident. How fast were you going and when did you start applying your brakes? Rain can render the pavement very slick, especially if it was the first rain of the season. Second how do you know that your brakes failed? It is against the law for a dealer to sell an unsafe used vehicle and that includes bad or no brakes. The accident was surely investigated by the police and the police report would certainly give you an idea of who was at fault and caused the accident.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her home office in Alpine Forest, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. My parents are quite elderly. My father is already in a wheelchair from diabetes and arthritis, while my mother suffers from congestive heart failure. They live together on their 20-acre property and the closest neighbor is a couple of miles away. I fear for their health and safety and need to convince them this is not the safest way to live at their age. How can I convince them to change their lifestyle?
A. Do your parents still have all their mental faculties? If so, you need to speak with each one separately and convince each one to sign a Power of Attorney for financial decisions and Power for Attorney for healthcare. One way would be to ask each one: “Should anything happen to the other, how would you take the decisions that need to be taken in the absence of the other?” Listen to the response and if it does not make sense, formulate and make your argument using that response. Sometimes, elderly people can be very obstinate and not realize that their lifestyle can endanger their spouse. Your love for your parents should dictate how you need to approach them and prepare them to accept and sign Powers of Attorney. Such POA can be “springing” in other words are activated only if your parent’s mental ability is lacking according to a physician, or if one or both parents are physically incapacitated and unable to care for the other. POA’s wording can be very flexible.
Q. I purchased a used vehicle from a dealer that had a three-month warranty. The day after I took it off the lot, the brakes failed and I hit the back of another car that was stopped at a red light. I was raining pretty hard that day. I went back to the dealer and complained that my brakes failed and had a car accident. The dealer gave me the runaround and refused to do anything about the brakes, not to mention the $2,500 of damages to the other car. What can I do?
A. There are several issues here. First it was raining the day of the accident. How fast were you going and when did you start applying your brakes? Rain can render the pavement very slick, especially if it was the first rain of the season. Second how do you know that your brakes failed? It is against the law for a dealer to sell an unsafe used vehicle and that includes bad or no brakes. The accident was surely investigated by the police and the police report would certainly give you an idea of who was at fault and caused the accident.
Legal Eaze #10 Mother Abuse / Dicorce House Title
Title: November 24, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her home office in Alpine Forest, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. My wife beat my 13-year-old son with a fire poker made of heavy metal. When I got home from work, he was bleeding heavily from a wound on his right arm, through which I could see a bone. He was shying away from her, hiding underneath hung clothes in a closet. She left the house and ran to her sister who lives in another county. Besides taking him to the hospital, what can I do to stop this madness?
A. Call the police. This is a criminal matter. When a mother starts beating up her child with a metal rod and injures the child, it is time to put “mom” in jail. She might need psychiatric care and/or psychological therapy. Once she comes out of jail, you may need to obtain a temporary restraining order against her and get her out of the house and away from your son. It does not matter what your son did to anger her to that point, she does not have the right to “discipline” him in such a harsh manner. In fact, it is a crime now to even spank a child. Parents need to find another way to instill respect and obedience in their children besides “beating” them up.
Q. I obtained a divorce about five years ago and the residence I have been living in was awarded to me as my sold and separate property in the divorce decree. I am now trying to refinance the house and I just discovered that the tile of the house is still held jointly with my ex-husband. I have no idea how that could have happened, and I don’t know where my ex-husband now resides. What can I do?
A. If you were represented by an attorney, he committed malpractice. If you represented yourself, such omissions are the reason why you should have hired an attorney to represent you. You need to file an Order to Show Cause with the same court that signed the divorce decree. If you cannot find your ex-husband, the court clerk will have to sign the Quitclaim Deed for him. But you need to prepare and file a declaration telling the court what the problem is and why you need the court clerk to sign the deed. If your declaration is believed by the judge, you will get the Order you need, instructing the court clerk to sign your Quitclaim Deed, which you can then have recorded with the county recorder.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her home office in Alpine Forest, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com.
Q. My wife beat my 13-year-old son with a fire poker made of heavy metal. When I got home from work, he was bleeding heavily from a wound on his right arm, through which I could see a bone. He was shying away from her, hiding underneath hung clothes in a closet. She left the house and ran to her sister who lives in another county. Besides taking him to the hospital, what can I do to stop this madness?
A. Call the police. This is a criminal matter. When a mother starts beating up her child with a metal rod and injures the child, it is time to put “mom” in jail. She might need psychiatric care and/or psychological therapy. Once she comes out of jail, you may need to obtain a temporary restraining order against her and get her out of the house and away from your son. It does not matter what your son did to anger her to that point, she does not have the right to “discipline” him in such a harsh manner. In fact, it is a crime now to even spank a child. Parents need to find another way to instill respect and obedience in their children besides “beating” them up.
Q. I obtained a divorce about five years ago and the residence I have been living in was awarded to me as my sold and separate property in the divorce decree. I am now trying to refinance the house and I just discovered that the tile of the house is still held jointly with my ex-husband. I have no idea how that could have happened, and I don’t know where my ex-husband now resides. What can I do?
A. If you were represented by an attorney, he committed malpractice. If you represented yourself, such omissions are the reason why you should have hired an attorney to represent you. You need to file an Order to Show Cause with the same court that signed the divorce decree. If you cannot find your ex-husband, the court clerk will have to sign the Quitclaim Deed for him. But you need to prepare and file a declaration telling the court what the problem is and why you need the court clerk to sign the deed. If your declaration is believed by the judge, you will get the Order you need, instructing the court clerk to sign your Quitclaim Deed, which you can then have recorded with the county recorder.
Legal Eaze #9 Common Law Marriage/ Propery Rental Shed, Verbal Agreement Loan
Originally Printed: November 10, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. I have been living with my boyfriend for the last seven years. We hold ourselves as being married to the outside world, but we never actually got married. Is there such a thing as common law marriage in California?
A. No, California is not a common law marriage state. This means unless you have a marriage license, you are not married. However, had you been living for a number of years in another state that recognizes common law marriage, the State of California would have to honor the other state’s law. But if you have been living in California with your boyfriend for the last seven years, he is still only that, a boyfriend.
Q. I have a large shed which was unfortunately built half-way on my neighbor’s property. When the shed was built, approximately 12 years ago, I paid $2000 to my neighbor to give me an easement for the 75 square feet my shed occupies on his property. My neighbor has sold his property and the new owner wants me to move my shed back onto my property or he will destroy the portion that occupies his property,. What do I do?
A. Hopefully your easement was properly recorded with the county recorder. If you new neighbor causes you problems, you should seek an injunction to stop him from destroying your property. If he proceeds with his threats, you have recourse in filing a lawsuit for your damages. If you damages are not more than $7,500, you should use the Small Claims Court, which is much cheaper and faster.
Q. I learned of a verbal agreement Law in California. I loaned a substantial amount of money to my brother-in-law, but there’s nothing in writing. He promised to pay it back within two weeks, a promise he did not keep. It’s now been two months and he refuses to return my phone calls. Does this law pertain to this type of transaction?
A. I am not sure what law you are talking about, maybe Parol Evidence. You will need to sue your brother-in-law. However, before you do, you must show that you used money you loaned to him from your own funds. Your evidence must trace the money to funds you had in your possession, such as a bank account. If you had a witness present when the transaction took place, he can testify on your behalf. Otherwise, you may have to subpoena your brother’ in law’s bank records to prove he obtained the money.
Forward your questions by e-mail to maxinedev@msn.com or drop questions at the Tehachapi News, 411 N. Mill St., Tehachapi, or send them by mail to P.O. Box 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. I have been living with my boyfriend for the last seven years. We hold ourselves as being married to the outside world, but we never actually got married. Is there such a thing as common law marriage in California?
A. No, California is not a common law marriage state. This means unless you have a marriage license, you are not married. However, had you been living for a number of years in another state that recognizes common law marriage, the State of California would have to honor the other state’s law. But if you have been living in California with your boyfriend for the last seven years, he is still only that, a boyfriend.
Q. I have a large shed which was unfortunately built half-way on my neighbor’s property. When the shed was built, approximately 12 years ago, I paid $2000 to my neighbor to give me an easement for the 75 square feet my shed occupies on his property. My neighbor has sold his property and the new owner wants me to move my shed back onto my property or he will destroy the portion that occupies his property,. What do I do?
A. Hopefully your easement was properly recorded with the county recorder. If you new neighbor causes you problems, you should seek an injunction to stop him from destroying your property. If he proceeds with his threats, you have recourse in filing a lawsuit for your damages. If you damages are not more than $7,500, you should use the Small Claims Court, which is much cheaper and faster.
Q. I learned of a verbal agreement Law in California. I loaned a substantial amount of money to my brother-in-law, but there’s nothing in writing. He promised to pay it back within two weeks, a promise he did not keep. It’s now been two months and he refuses to return my phone calls. Does this law pertain to this type of transaction?
A. I am not sure what law you are talking about, maybe Parol Evidence. You will need to sue your brother-in-law. However, before you do, you must show that you used money you loaned to him from your own funds. Your evidence must trace the money to funds you had in your possession, such as a bank account. If you had a witness present when the transaction took place, he can testify on your behalf. Otherwise, you may have to subpoena your brother’ in law’s bank records to prove he obtained the money.
Forward your questions by e-mail to maxinedev@msn.com or drop questions at the Tehachapi News, 411 N. Mill St., Tehachapi, or send them by mail to P.O. Box 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Legal Eaze #8 Landlord Privacy Intrusion/ Violent Son
Originally Printed: October 20, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. I rent a guest house located in the back of my landlord’s residence. My landlord comes into my rent guest house whenever he feels like it to fix this or that. He makes up excuses to come in unannounced. He never gives me notice and I am very bothered by this intrusion on my privacy. Once, he came in while I was in the shower and lo and behold, when I came out of the shower naked, there he was in my little kitchenette, fixing my stove, which I did not know was “broken”. What can I do to stop this?
A. Civil Code Section 1954 regulates the time and circumstances under which a landlord may enter a residential rental unit. If an emergency exists, your landlord may enter without notice. Otherwise, he must give you a Notice to Enter your premises, which must specify the date, approximate time and purpose of the entry. The statute expressly states that a written notice is not necessary if the landlord and tenant orally agree to an entry to perform agreed-upon repairs or to supply agreed-upon services.. Any such oral agreement to enter must include the date and approximate time of the entry, which must be within one week of the oral agreement. Should the landlord violate the law, a tenant can sue and be awarded up to $2000 for each violation. However, I believe these intrusions by your landlord have a far more sinister purpose. You may need to seek a Restraining Order in addition to filing a lawsuit against him for invasion of privacy, among many other causes of action.
Q. I am an 89-year-old man suffering from heart disease and diabetes. My son lives in my house, is violent and has beaten me up on several occasions. He moved in with me several years ago to look after me. I am terrified of him and I can’t take too much more of his abuse. What can I do?
A. I would strongly suggest that you seek a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) to get him out and away from your house. You can get immediate relief by filing a Request for Order, Description of Abuse, Temporary Restraining Order and Notice of Hearing with the closest court. You son must be served with these documents to give him notice of the hearing and give him a chance to be heard in court too. The can give you a TRO lasting up to three years.
Forward questions to maxinedev@msn.com , drop questions at the Tehachapi News, located at 411 N. Mill St., or send them to POB 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. I rent a guest house located in the back of my landlord’s residence. My landlord comes into my rent guest house whenever he feels like it to fix this or that. He makes up excuses to come in unannounced. He never gives me notice and I am very bothered by this intrusion on my privacy. Once, he came in while I was in the shower and lo and behold, when I came out of the shower naked, there he was in my little kitchenette, fixing my stove, which I did not know was “broken”. What can I do to stop this?
A. Civil Code Section 1954 regulates the time and circumstances under which a landlord may enter a residential rental unit. If an emergency exists, your landlord may enter without notice. Otherwise, he must give you a Notice to Enter your premises, which must specify the date, approximate time and purpose of the entry. The statute expressly states that a written notice is not necessary if the landlord and tenant orally agree to an entry to perform agreed-upon repairs or to supply agreed-upon services.. Any such oral agreement to enter must include the date and approximate time of the entry, which must be within one week of the oral agreement. Should the landlord violate the law, a tenant can sue and be awarded up to $2000 for each violation. However, I believe these intrusions by your landlord have a far more sinister purpose. You may need to seek a Restraining Order in addition to filing a lawsuit against him for invasion of privacy, among many other causes of action.
Q. I am an 89-year-old man suffering from heart disease and diabetes. My son lives in my house, is violent and has beaten me up on several occasions. He moved in with me several years ago to look after me. I am terrified of him and I can’t take too much more of his abuse. What can I do?
A. I would strongly suggest that you seek a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) to get him out and away from your house. You can get immediate relief by filing a Request for Order, Description of Abuse, Temporary Restraining Order and Notice of Hearing with the closest court. You son must be served with these documents to give him notice of the hearing and give him a chance to be heard in court too. The can give you a TRO lasting up to three years.
Forward questions to maxinedev@msn.com , drop questions at the Tehachapi News, located at 411 N. Mill St., or send them to POB 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Legal Eaze #7 Child Support/ guardianship
Originally Printed: October 6, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. My daughter is permanently disabled and will never be able to support herself. She is 18 years old. Her father wants to stop paying the child support ordered by the divorce court. I cannot afford to support my daughter by myself for the rest of her life. What can I do?
A. Both parents have a duty to support a disabled adult child. If your daughter is attending high school full-time and has not yet graduated, your ex-husband must continue to pay the child support until she turns 19. If your daughter does not attend high school, your ex-husband may want medical proof that your daughter is unable to work for the rest of her life. You should file an Order to Show Cause re: Continued support for a disabled adult child with the court that granted your divorce. You should not have to bear the burden of supporting your disabled daughter alone. However, the court may order your ex-husband to pay less support. Remember, parents of a disabled adult child can only support him or her to the best of their financial ability. By the way, there are governmental programs that can help with the schooling, training and medical needs to your disabled child, and I hope that you have taken advantage of such programs.
Q. My son’s girlfriend died in a car crash a few days ago. They have a daughter who is 1 year old. The dead girlfriend’s parents are seeking guardianship of this child, but so am I. My son is incarcerated because he had a fight with his girlfriend. What can I do?
A. You are short on details about your son’s situation and why he cannot raise his own daughter. If the maternal grandparents have filed a Petitioner for Guardianship, you will be notified of where and when the hearing will take place. You can object to their petition and introduce yourself as a potential guardian for this child. The court will appoint an investigator who will look into who would be the best custodian of this child. This may be an expensive proposition with legal and investigation fees. You have an uphill battle ahead of you, but if you feel you the better “substitute parent” and your son still wants to be part of his daughter’s life, then you should proceed without objection to the maternal grandparents having guardianship.
Forward questions to maxinedev@msn.com , drop questions at the Tehachapi News, located at 411 N. Mill St., or send them to POB 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. My daughter is permanently disabled and will never be able to support herself. She is 18 years old. Her father wants to stop paying the child support ordered by the divorce court. I cannot afford to support my daughter by myself for the rest of her life. What can I do?
A. Both parents have a duty to support a disabled adult child. If your daughter is attending high school full-time and has not yet graduated, your ex-husband must continue to pay the child support until she turns 19. If your daughter does not attend high school, your ex-husband may want medical proof that your daughter is unable to work for the rest of her life. You should file an Order to Show Cause re: Continued support for a disabled adult child with the court that granted your divorce. You should not have to bear the burden of supporting your disabled daughter alone. However, the court may order your ex-husband to pay less support. Remember, parents of a disabled adult child can only support him or her to the best of their financial ability. By the way, there are governmental programs that can help with the schooling, training and medical needs to your disabled child, and I hope that you have taken advantage of such programs.
Q. My son’s girlfriend died in a car crash a few days ago. They have a daughter who is 1 year old. The dead girlfriend’s parents are seeking guardianship of this child, but so am I. My son is incarcerated because he had a fight with his girlfriend. What can I do?
A. You are short on details about your son’s situation and why he cannot raise his own daughter. If the maternal grandparents have filed a Petitioner for Guardianship, you will be notified of where and when the hearing will take place. You can object to their petition and introduce yourself as a potential guardian for this child. The court will appoint an investigator who will look into who would be the best custodian of this child. This may be an expensive proposition with legal and investigation fees. You have an uphill battle ahead of you, but if you feel you the better “substitute parent” and your son still wants to be part of his daughter’s life, then you should proceed without objection to the maternal grandparents having guardianship.
Forward questions to maxinedev@msn.com , drop questions at the Tehachapi News, located at 411 N. Mill St., or send them to POB 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Legal Eaze #6 Probate/ kid throwing rocks
Originally Printed: September 15, 2004
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. When my father died several years ago, he had a will which had to go through Probate Court. Thousands of dollars of his estate were spent on attorney’s fees, accountant’s fees and court fees, not to mention that it took a couple of years for members of his family to receive their inheritance. I would prefer my children did not have to go through this long and expensive court process. Is there anything I can do now?
A. I am glad you asked. Yes, there is, and it is called a revocable living trust. As the trustor or settler, you can create a trust in which you transfer all your assets, including your residence. In California, all estates worth more than $100,000 must go through probate, unless the bulk of your estate is your residence which is held in a joint tenancy with your spouse, or your assets have been transferred into a living trust. You can control all your assets by naming yourself the trustee. If you are married, your wife can be your co-trustee. During your lifetime, you can change the terms or beneficiaries of your “revocable” trust. You must name a successor trustee who will enforce the terms of your trust after your death. After your death, your part of the trust (if you are married, it is called an AB Trust) becomes irrevocable, and it is the successor trustee’s job to distribute your assets to the beneficiaries designated in your trust. A knowledgeable attorney can help you with other estate planning tools that will avoid the necessity for conservatorship if you become disabled and incapable of making your own financial and health decisions. Often, such tools are encompassed in a Trust package which, compared to the cost of probate, is very affordable and simply a necessity for most families.
Q. A neighborhood kid has been throwing rocks at my dog for several months. A few days ago, my German shepherd escaped the backyard by climbing over the fence in pursuit of its tormentor. What is my liability?
A. When you dog escaped your backyard, you became liable for any injuries caused by your dog, under the Dog Bite Act, even if the injuries were not caused by a dog bite. However, depending on whether the child was old enough to understand the consequences of his actions in inciting your dog’s revengeful instincts, your liability may be lessened by the child’s contributory negligence.
Forward questions to maxinedev@msn.com , drop questions at the Tehachapi News, located at 411 N. Mill St., or send them to POB 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 12 years of experience. She moved to Tehachapi in June 2003 and resides in Alpine Forest. She operates her law practice from her home office and also has a satellite office in Lancaster. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities.
Q. When my father died several years ago, he had a will which had to go through Probate Court. Thousands of dollars of his estate were spent on attorney’s fees, accountant’s fees and court fees, not to mention that it took a couple of years for members of his family to receive their inheritance. I would prefer my children did not have to go through this long and expensive court process. Is there anything I can do now?
A. I am glad you asked. Yes, there is, and it is called a revocable living trust. As the trustor or settler, you can create a trust in which you transfer all your assets, including your residence. In California, all estates worth more than $100,000 must go through probate, unless the bulk of your estate is your residence which is held in a joint tenancy with your spouse, or your assets have been transferred into a living trust. You can control all your assets by naming yourself the trustee. If you are married, your wife can be your co-trustee. During your lifetime, you can change the terms or beneficiaries of your “revocable” trust. You must name a successor trustee who will enforce the terms of your trust after your death. After your death, your part of the trust (if you are married, it is called an AB Trust) becomes irrevocable, and it is the successor trustee’s job to distribute your assets to the beneficiaries designated in your trust. A knowledgeable attorney can help you with other estate planning tools that will avoid the necessity for conservatorship if you become disabled and incapable of making your own financial and health decisions. Often, such tools are encompassed in a Trust package which, compared to the cost of probate, is very affordable and simply a necessity for most families.
Q. A neighborhood kid has been throwing rocks at my dog for several months. A few days ago, my German shepherd escaped the backyard by climbing over the fence in pursuit of its tormentor. What is my liability?
A. When you dog escaped your backyard, you became liable for any injuries caused by your dog, under the Dog Bite Act, even if the injuries were not caused by a dog bite. However, depending on whether the child was old enough to understand the consequences of his actions in inciting your dog’s revengeful instincts, your liability may be lessened by the child’s contributory negligence.
Forward questions to maxinedev@msn.com , drop questions at the Tehachapi News, located at 411 N. Mill St., or send them to POB 1840, Tehachapi, CA 93581
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