Title: October 12, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I drive a truck for a living, and I drive all over United States. I have a commercial driver’s license. I was driving my own car and was caught speeding on the 58 just past Mojave. The citation mentions that I was driving at 67 miles per hour. Is this a misdemeanor or just an infraction? I am very concerned that my commercial driver’s license will be affected and will not be able to drive a truck anymore.
A. I you were driving no faster than 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit, if should be only an infraction. If the posted speed limit was 55 mph, it is an infraction. However, I am surprised that you would be pulled over going at 67 mph, unless the officer considered it unsafe to drive at that speed. There has been ongoing construction on Highway 58 and speeds are reduced in construction zones. If you pay the fine on the fraction within the time limit, it should not affect your commercial driver’s license.
Q. I keep receiving books, magazines and other goodies by mail which I never ordered. I also receive invoices for these books, magazines and goodies. I have returned most of them, but sometimes by error I open the package, then I don’t know what to do. Do I have to pay for the return shipping on this stuff? Ord do I have to pay the invoices?
A. You have failed to tell me whether you live alone or not. If you have children living with you, how do you know that one of them did not order these books and/or magazines? If you live alone and are absolutely sure that you did not place any orders for books and/or magazines, just return them unopened. Mark “Return to Sender” on the front of the package and put them back in the mail. If the books keep coming even after you have returned one or two, just keep them and explain that you did not order the books and magazines or goodies and will not pay their invoice nor their return shipping charges. You can write that right on the invoice and return the invoice to the company that sent it to you..
Monday, March 2, 2009
Legal Eaze #31 Bankruptcy/ Sue Hospital
Title: September 28, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I have heard that bankruptcy laws will change pretty soon, making it much more difficult to get rid of credit card debt. When will the new law be applicable and will someone making about $22,000 a year supporting a family of five be able to file for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
A. The new law is called “The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005” and will be implemented starting Oct. 17, 2005. Every “would-be filer” will be required to undergo credit counseling. A certified a completion will need to be filed with the Bankruptcy Court. There will be a “means test” which each individual will have to meet in order to qualify for filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. In California, the median income for a one-person family is $42,012, a two-person family $53,506, three-person family $59,633 and four-person family $68,310. Obviously with a yearly income of $22,000 for a family of five will qualify you. It is very likely that many Kern County residents will qualify as the income median in this county is lower than the median of the entire state of California. Nevertheless it may be dangerous to generalize as each case must go through the means test. An investigation needs to be conducted by the attorney willing take on the case with regards to the assets of the debtor to ensure that all such assets have been disclosed.
Q. My 87-year old mother was hospitalized for several days last year after suffering from congestive heart failure. She was injured when she attempted to go to the bathroom unescorted. She fell down and broke her hip. She has never recovered from this grave accident and is still, to this day, in a wheelchair. I want to know if I can sue the hospital for failing to provide sufficient supervision while she was a patient there.
A. This is a loaded question and I will not be able to provide an answer that will satisfy you. The answer is: it depends. Medical malpractice is an area of the law that is fraught with dangers and is very expensive to prosecute. Hence I have stayed away from it. Even if you could prove that the hospital itself or its staff are liable for your mother’s accident, the recovery can be severely limited due to certain quirks of the law. Moreover, damages incurred by an 87-year old are further limited by her failure to have much earning potential as well as many other factors. I really cannot expand on my answer as even I have limits in my legal knowledge of Med-mal.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I have heard that bankruptcy laws will change pretty soon, making it much more difficult to get rid of credit card debt. When will the new law be applicable and will someone making about $22,000 a year supporting a family of five be able to file for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy?
A. The new law is called “The Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005” and will be implemented starting Oct. 17, 2005. Every “would-be filer” will be required to undergo credit counseling. A certified a completion will need to be filed with the Bankruptcy Court. There will be a “means test” which each individual will have to meet in order to qualify for filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. In California, the median income for a one-person family is $42,012, a two-person family $53,506, three-person family $59,633 and four-person family $68,310. Obviously with a yearly income of $22,000 for a family of five will qualify you. It is very likely that many Kern County residents will qualify as the income median in this county is lower than the median of the entire state of California. Nevertheless it may be dangerous to generalize as each case must go through the means test. An investigation needs to be conducted by the attorney willing take on the case with regards to the assets of the debtor to ensure that all such assets have been disclosed.
Q. My 87-year old mother was hospitalized for several days last year after suffering from congestive heart failure. She was injured when she attempted to go to the bathroom unescorted. She fell down and broke her hip. She has never recovered from this grave accident and is still, to this day, in a wheelchair. I want to know if I can sue the hospital for failing to provide sufficient supervision while she was a patient there.
A. This is a loaded question and I will not be able to provide an answer that will satisfy you. The answer is: it depends. Medical malpractice is an area of the law that is fraught with dangers and is very expensive to prosecute. Hence I have stayed away from it. Even if you could prove that the hospital itself or its staff are liable for your mother’s accident, the recovery can be severely limited due to certain quirks of the law. Moreover, damages incurred by an 87-year old are further limited by her failure to have much earning potential as well as many other factors. I really cannot expand on my answer as even I have limits in my legal knowledge of Med-mal.
Legal Eaze #30 house repair/divorce property
Title: September14, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I just bought a house and moved in a couple of weeks ago. I found mince running around the house at night. The bathroom tap is leaking under the sink, and now that I am looking at it closely, the problem is obviously not new. There’s rot under that sink. I am sure that other problems will surface along the way. While the house was in escrow, I noticed that all the disclosures signed by the seller were at least one year old. But because I did not really care for nor trusted the real estate agent representing me, I did not say anything. What can I do at this point?
A. When a house is being sold, disclosures by the seller should be recent. A lot of things can break down and get damaged during a year’s time. This is why it is so important to have an experienced home inspector inspect the house before purchasing it. An inspector would have seen the rot under the sink and pointed it out to you. Electrical, heating and septic systems should be fully operational before buying a house. The roof should have a few years left on it. If the disclosures do not reflect the true condition of the house, you have recourse against the seller of the house for breach of contract and fraudulent disclosures. It is too late to do anything about your lack of trust in your agent.
Q. I am undergoing a divorce right now. I inherited a house from my father when he died. This was a good 23 years ago. I live in the house with my wife and kids during the entire marriage. The mortgage was fully paid form insurance proceeds at the death of my father. Of course, I made improvements to the house, but the house is still free and clear. Now my wife claims an interest in the house. Is this house community property or not?
A. You failed to tell me whether you added your wife’s name to the title of the house. If you did not, the house may be separate property and your wife is not entitled to any part of it, if she did not contribute to the improvements made. If you added your wife’s name to the deed, she may have a community interest in it. Depending whether your wife contributed to the improvements made, she may be entitled to a reimbursement of monies spent towards the improvements. Monies spent on improvements may have come from your earnings, which are considered community property. This is a very complicated issue, with many factors to consider.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I just bought a house and moved in a couple of weeks ago. I found mince running around the house at night. The bathroom tap is leaking under the sink, and now that I am looking at it closely, the problem is obviously not new. There’s rot under that sink. I am sure that other problems will surface along the way. While the house was in escrow, I noticed that all the disclosures signed by the seller were at least one year old. But because I did not really care for nor trusted the real estate agent representing me, I did not say anything. What can I do at this point?
A. When a house is being sold, disclosures by the seller should be recent. A lot of things can break down and get damaged during a year’s time. This is why it is so important to have an experienced home inspector inspect the house before purchasing it. An inspector would have seen the rot under the sink and pointed it out to you. Electrical, heating and septic systems should be fully operational before buying a house. The roof should have a few years left on it. If the disclosures do not reflect the true condition of the house, you have recourse against the seller of the house for breach of contract and fraudulent disclosures. It is too late to do anything about your lack of trust in your agent.
Q. I am undergoing a divorce right now. I inherited a house from my father when he died. This was a good 23 years ago. I live in the house with my wife and kids during the entire marriage. The mortgage was fully paid form insurance proceeds at the death of my father. Of course, I made improvements to the house, but the house is still free and clear. Now my wife claims an interest in the house. Is this house community property or not?
A. You failed to tell me whether you added your wife’s name to the title of the house. If you did not, the house may be separate property and your wife is not entitled to any part of it, if she did not contribute to the improvements made. If you added your wife’s name to the deed, she may have a community interest in it. Depending whether your wife contributed to the improvements made, she may be entitled to a reimbursement of monies spent towards the improvements. Monies spent on improvements may have come from your earnings, which are considered community property. This is a very complicated issue, with many factors to consider.
Legal Eaze #29 Injure responsibility/ bankruptcy
Title: August 31, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I was visiting a neighbor’s house about six months ago and I slipped on the stairs leading to the house. I hurt my back and I told my neighbor about slipping in her stairwell once I came into the house. She did not say anything about taking care of the doctor’s bill. I did go to the doctor and was told that I have a slipped disk. This is still causing me a lot of discomfort and pain, and I am afraid that I will be under the doctor’s care for quite some time. In the meantime, I have been paying for the doctor’s care, which is getting expensive, not to mention the pain I am suffering. Isn’t it my neighbor’s responsibility to pay for my doctor’s bills since I fell on her property?
A. Your neighbor probably has homeowner’s insurance which normally covers injuries sustained by guests or workers while being on her property. It is obvious that she will not do anything to help you unless you make another request that she make a claim to her homeowners’ insurance. If she does not relent, you should file a lawsuit. You have two years to do so from the date of the injury. But don’t wait two years. If you are still suffering pain after being injured six months ago and you run out of money, you might never get better. Better have her insurance pay for your medical treatment than you. Your neighbor is indeed liable for any accidental injuries sustained on her property
Q. My husband filed for bankruptcy, but I did not join in with him. He filed for BK on all of his credit cards, which he obtained before our marriage, expect for one or two. Can his creditors come after me for the debt he incurred on the credit cards that postdate our marriage?
A. Yes, they can. When husband and wife use a credit card, it is for the benefit of the community and therefore any debt incurred is considered community debt. If the husband is unable to pay, then it is perfectly legal for creditors to pursue collection against the spouse. If you are working, they can obtain a judgment against you and slap you with a wage garnishment. Of course, they can only take a small percentage of your salary, but nevertheless it hurts when you have to give up to 25% of your salary to pay your husband’s debts.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. I was visiting a neighbor’s house about six months ago and I slipped on the stairs leading to the house. I hurt my back and I told my neighbor about slipping in her stairwell once I came into the house. She did not say anything about taking care of the doctor’s bill. I did go to the doctor and was told that I have a slipped disk. This is still causing me a lot of discomfort and pain, and I am afraid that I will be under the doctor’s care for quite some time. In the meantime, I have been paying for the doctor’s care, which is getting expensive, not to mention the pain I am suffering. Isn’t it my neighbor’s responsibility to pay for my doctor’s bills since I fell on her property?
A. Your neighbor probably has homeowner’s insurance which normally covers injuries sustained by guests or workers while being on her property. It is obvious that she will not do anything to help you unless you make another request that she make a claim to her homeowners’ insurance. If she does not relent, you should file a lawsuit. You have two years to do so from the date of the injury. But don’t wait two years. If you are still suffering pain after being injured six months ago and you run out of money, you might never get better. Better have her insurance pay for your medical treatment than you. Your neighbor is indeed liable for any accidental injuries sustained on her property
Q. My husband filed for bankruptcy, but I did not join in with him. He filed for BK on all of his credit cards, which he obtained before our marriage, expect for one or two. Can his creditors come after me for the debt he incurred on the credit cards that postdate our marriage?
A. Yes, they can. When husband and wife use a credit card, it is for the benefit of the community and therefore any debt incurred is considered community debt. If the husband is unable to pay, then it is perfectly legal for creditors to pursue collection against the spouse. If you are working, they can obtain a judgment against you and slap you with a wage garnishment. Of course, they can only take a small percentage of your salary, but nevertheless it hurts when you have to give up to 25% of your salary to pay your husband’s debts.
Legal Eaze #28 Evil Children/ Speeding Ticket
Title: August 10, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. There are two twin children living in the house right next door to us. They appear to be around 7 or 8 years old. On a couple of occasions, I saw them torture an adult cat and her kittens. The last time I saw them, they were busy cutting the kittens’ whiskers off. I don’t know where mommy cat was. I was horrified and screamed at them to stop immediately both times. Apparently, a screaming neighbor does not seem to bother these kids at all, since they did it again. The parents never seem to be at home when these children are committing their atrocities. What should we do?
A. The first thing you need to do is to talk to the parents and let them know what their children are doing in their absence. These children are too young to be left alone at home. Children Protective Services should be warned that young children are left alone at home next door to commit atrocities on animals. You also need to call animal regulation and report the animal abuse. Calling the police might help too. These neighbors of yours should not be allowed to have animals around to be tortured. There is something very wrong with these kids. There may be something very wrong with their parents too. Sometimes, children like these grow up to be criminals of the first order. Thank you for being an animal lover.
Q. I got a speeding ticket on Highway 58 the other day for going at 98 miles an hour. I truly do not believe that I was going that fast. How can I fight this speeding ticket? I do not want my car insurance premiums to go up and they will if this ticket sticks.
A. If you did not attend traffic school in the past 18 months, you will have the opportunity to attend an eight-hour class in order not to get a point on your driving record. Just because you do not believe you were going that fast does not mean that the CHP officer is wrong. As I am sure you know, the speed of a vehicle is usually measured with an instrument used by the CHP which is quite accurate, and that measurement, plus the officer’s testimony will be sufficient to get you convicted. Your feeling that you were not going so fast will be insufficient to prove your innocence. I advise you to concentrate on driving slower next time and attending driving school to avoid the bad mark on your driving record.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. There are two twin children living in the house right next door to us. They appear to be around 7 or 8 years old. On a couple of occasions, I saw them torture an adult cat and her kittens. The last time I saw them, they were busy cutting the kittens’ whiskers off. I don’t know where mommy cat was. I was horrified and screamed at them to stop immediately both times. Apparently, a screaming neighbor does not seem to bother these kids at all, since they did it again. The parents never seem to be at home when these children are committing their atrocities. What should we do?
A. The first thing you need to do is to talk to the parents and let them know what their children are doing in their absence. These children are too young to be left alone at home. Children Protective Services should be warned that young children are left alone at home next door to commit atrocities on animals. You also need to call animal regulation and report the animal abuse. Calling the police might help too. These neighbors of yours should not be allowed to have animals around to be tortured. There is something very wrong with these kids. There may be something very wrong with their parents too. Sometimes, children like these grow up to be criminals of the first order. Thank you for being an animal lover.
Q. I got a speeding ticket on Highway 58 the other day for going at 98 miles an hour. I truly do not believe that I was going that fast. How can I fight this speeding ticket? I do not want my car insurance premiums to go up and they will if this ticket sticks.
A. If you did not attend traffic school in the past 18 months, you will have the opportunity to attend an eight-hour class in order not to get a point on your driving record. Just because you do not believe you were going that fast does not mean that the CHP officer is wrong. As I am sure you know, the speed of a vehicle is usually measured with an instrument used by the CHP which is quite accurate, and that measurement, plus the officer’s testimony will be sufficient to get you convicted. Your feeling that you were not going so fast will be insufficient to prove your innocence. I advise you to concentrate on driving slower next time and attending driving school to avoid the bad mark on your driving record.
Legal Eaze #27 Children Custody/ Common Law Marriage
Title: July 27, 2005
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. My brother has custody of his two young children, a 6-year old boy and a 4-yeard old girl. My brother has been out of work for the last 8 months while his new girlfriend goes to work in Bakersfield everyday. Just a couple of weeks ago, I walked in my brother’s house, uninvited, and found him unconscious in the living room, sprawled on the couch, with a syringe stuck in his arm. Both children were crying hysterically. I called an ambulance and he was taken to the hospital. He overdosed on drugs and had I not come in, he would have died. His girlfriend does not seem to have a clue as to what he was up to. What should we do?
A. If you want to help your brother, you need to either return the children to their mother or if that is not an available solution, you need to petition for temporary guardianship of these children until your brother goes into and completes a drug rehab program. At this point, his actions are endangering the lives of his children and if Children Protective Services (CPS) hears of this situation, the children may be taken away from your brother and placed into foster care. Since you are “family”, these children would be better off remaining in your care, if you are in a position to take care of them.
Q. I have been living with my boyfriend for the last 22 years. I mentioned to him that we should get married, but he says that we are already married because we have been living together for so long. Is this true?
A. No, it is not. There is no such thing as “common law marriage” in California. You are not married and unless you apply for a marriage license and go through either a civil marriage or a religious one, you will remain “boyfriend and girlfriend”. Maybe he just does not want to get married. But as long as you are not married, you have little legal protection as to the property you purchase together, not to mention that any children you have together may eventually suffer because they are illegitimate.
Maxine de Villefranche is an attorney and civil general practitioner with 13 years of experience. She operates her law practice from her new office in town, as well her Lancaster satellite office. She will answer legal questions posed to her by the readers, to the best of her abilities. Please forward your questions to maxinedev@msn.com or fax them to (661)825-8880.
Q. My brother has custody of his two young children, a 6-year old boy and a 4-yeard old girl. My brother has been out of work for the last 8 months while his new girlfriend goes to work in Bakersfield everyday. Just a couple of weeks ago, I walked in my brother’s house, uninvited, and found him unconscious in the living room, sprawled on the couch, with a syringe stuck in his arm. Both children were crying hysterically. I called an ambulance and he was taken to the hospital. He overdosed on drugs and had I not come in, he would have died. His girlfriend does not seem to have a clue as to what he was up to. What should we do?
A. If you want to help your brother, you need to either return the children to their mother or if that is not an available solution, you need to petition for temporary guardianship of these children until your brother goes into and completes a drug rehab program. At this point, his actions are endangering the lives of his children and if Children Protective Services (CPS) hears of this situation, the children may be taken away from your brother and placed into foster care. Since you are “family”, these children would be better off remaining in your care, if you are in a position to take care of them.
Q. I have been living with my boyfriend for the last 22 years. I mentioned to him that we should get married, but he says that we are already married because we have been living together for so long. Is this true?
A. No, it is not. There is no such thing as “common law marriage” in California. You are not married and unless you apply for a marriage license and go through either a civil marriage or a religious one, you will remain “boyfriend and girlfriend”. Maybe he just does not want to get married. But as long as you are not married, you have little legal protection as to the property you purchase together, not to mention that any children you have together may eventually suffer because they are illegitimate.
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